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Your Worldview Reader Contents page and

The Worldview & Apologetics Reader that you will receive this week is missing several entries and some of the copies that Kinkos made did not turn out well. Also, they are missing the table of contents. To solve this problem I will be posting the entries, the poor copies and Table of Contents on this site. Below is the Table of contents. The other materials will be posted in the next couple of days under the titles "replacing poor copies in Reader," and "articles to add to your reader" and print out to put in reader. Close to 1,000 pages it is my prayer that it will serve as a wonderful reference source throughout your college years and beyond.



APOLOGETICS

Worldview Scriptures Understanding the Times

Twenty Arguments for the Existence of God
The Problem of Evil
From the Handbook of Christian Apologetics by Peter Kreeft

The Resurrection of Jesus
From the book De Christo by William Lane Craig

Introduction - Evidence for Christianity
The Uniqueness of the Bible
How We Got the Bible
In the New Testament Historically Reliable?
In the Old Testament Historically Reliable?
Old Testament Prophecies Fulfilled in Jesus Christ
Excerpts from the book Evidence for Christianity by Josh McDowell

How Can We Know the Bible is the Word of God? by Norman L. Geisler

Alleged Error in Bible
Excerpt from the Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics Edited by Norman L. Geisler
Charts on Approaches to Reconciling Discrepancies in Scripture
Charts of Christian Theology edited and published by H. Wayne House

Is Jesus the Only Way to God? By Rick Rood
From the Compact Guide to World Religions Edited by Dean Halverson

Christ and Civilization
Thinking God’s Thoughts After Him
Healing the Sick
Inspiring the World’s Greatest Art
The Sins of the Church
A Cruel World
Excerpts from the book What if Jesus had Never Been Born? by D. James Kennedy

God is not Dead Yet by William Lane Craig
From Christianity Today, July 2008

The God of Gaps by David Berlinski
Critical Essay originally published in Commentary April 2008

Survival of the Fakest by Jonathan Wells
Article originally appeared in The American Spectator – December 2000 / January 2001




APOLOGETICS (Continued)

Remembering the Secular Age by Michael Novak
Critical Essay originally published in First Things July 2007

The Scientific Controversy Over the Cambrian Explosion
Article from Center for Science and Culture, Discovery Institute

Evolution vs. Naturalism by Alvin Plantinga
The Dawkins Confusion by Alvin Plantiga
New Athiests Are Not Great by Tony Snow
The Great Debate by Douglas Groothuis
Answering the Athiests by Stan Guthrie
Darwin’s Graveyards by Edward T. Oakes
What’s New? by Jonathan Wells
The Dick Staub Interview: William Dembski’s Revolution
The Dick Staub Interview: Ravi Zacharias’s Wonderful World
Article from www.christianitytoday.com

ISLAM and TERRORISM

Islam and the Crusades– Introduction
Why the Crusades Were Called
The Crusades: Myth and Reality
What the Crusades Accomplished, And What they Didn’t
What if the Crusades Had Never Happened?
The Jihad Continues
The Crusade We Must Fight Today
From The Politically Incorrect Guide to Islam (and the Crusades) by Robert Spencer

Terrorists in Their Own Words by James Phillips and James Jay Carafano, Ph.D
Article from the Backgrounder, published by the Heritage Foundation

Why Iraq was Inevitable by Arther Herman

Hezbollah’s Terrorist Threat to the European Union by James Phillips
Iran’s Evil Game: Arms Iraqi Shiites and Sunnis by Peter Brooks
Iran Emboldened: Tehran Seeks to Dominate Middle East Politics by Peter Brooks
Iraq Five Years On: The Coalition is Winning the War Against Al-Qaeda by Nile Gardiner, Ph.D.
War is Expensive, But Defeat Costs More, by Edwin J. Feulner, Ph.D.
Articles from the Heritage Foundation, www.heritage.org

The Holy War that Isn’t, Preface & Introduction
Selection from Jihad in the West by Paul Fregosi

A Biblical Perspective on War by John MacArthur, Jr.
Position Paper from www.biblebb.com

Are We Winning the War on Terror by Max Boot
Article from www.galegroup.com, originally published in Commentary July 2008

Europe’s Stark Options by Daniel Pipes
Article from www.danielpipes.org, originally published in National Interest March 2007

Why Victory in Iraq Matters by Pete Hegseth
Article from Vets for Freedom, Friday, August 15, 2008





COMMUNISM

Witness by Whittaker Chambers
Foreward in the Form of a Letter to my Children (What it means to be a Communist)

The Crimes of Communism by Stephane Courtois

Quote from Lenin, “With the clarity and brilliance of genius…”
V.I. Lenin, Selected Works Vol. II, Part 2, Foreign Languages Publishing House, Moscow 1952
Page 542 and Page 544

Selections from the Manifesto of the Communist Party
Pages 20, 21, 66, 67, 96

Inside the Chinese Communist Mind
From Beating the Unbeatable Foe, by Dr. Fred Schwarz, pages 407-465
Prof. Bowers discussions with Mikhail Gorbachev and Prof. Bowers debate in China
With Mo Xiusong’s Vice Chairman of the Chinese Communist Congress

Cold Friday by Whittaker Chambers
The Direct Glance, pg. 67-88 (Danger of Materialism to us)

Professor’s notes regarding various statistics and quotations

POSTMODERNISM

From the Modern to the Postmodern
Excerpt from the book Postmodern Thought by Gene Edward Veith, Jr.

Some Instructive quotes by Postmodernists
Comprehensive Problems with Postmodernism
Problems with Postmodernism
Selections & Collection of Quotations by Prof. Clark Bowers






CULTURE AND GOVERNMENT

Quotes on the Importance of Truth and Values to the Maintenance of Civilizations
Compiled by Clark Bowers

Why Religion Matters Even More: Impact of Religious Practice on Social Stability by Patrick Fagan
Faith and the American Founding: Illustrating Religion’s Influence by Michael Novak
What’s Great About America by Dinesh D’Souza
Independence Forever: Why America Celebrates the Fourth of July by Matthew Spalding, Ph.D.
Myths About American Religion by Robert Wuthnow, Ph.D.
Why America Is Such a Hard Sell: Beyond Pride and Prejudice by Juliana G. Pilon, Ph.D.
A Moral Case Against Big Government: How Government Shapes the Character, Vision, and Virtue of Citizens by Ryan Messmore
The Mythical “Wall of Separation”: by Daniel L. Dreisbach
A Moral Case Against Big Government by Ryan Messmore
Articles from the Heritage Foundation, www.heritage.org

The Decline of a Nation by Kerby Anderson
Article from Probe Ministries, 1991

Chomsky’s Universe by Arch Puddington
Article from Commentary, October 2004

(Understanding Slavery)
Conquests and Cultures - Excerpts from the book by Thomas Sowell
Race and Culture – Excerpts from the book by Thomas Sowell

Criteria for Christian Appreciation of the Arts by Lance Box
Article from www.leaderu.com from April 22, 2000

Art and the Christian by Jerry Solomon and Jimmy Williams

The End of Art by Roger Kimball
Article from First Things: A Monthly Journal of Religion and Public Life

Assessment: Music, Man and Society
Selections from the book, The Secret Power of Music













LITERATURE

Paradise Lost Excerpts from Book One by Milton
Dante’s Inferno – Selected excerpts
Soliloquy from “Hamlet” Poem by William Shakespeare
If Poem by Rudyard Kipling
The Spell of the Yukon Poem by Robert Service
Men that Don’t Fit In Poem by Robert Service
Crossing the Bar Poem by Alfred Tennyson
Stranger at the Gates - Book 17 of Homer: The Odyssey

Nineteen Eighty-Four
Selected pages from the book 1984 by George Orwell

The Theban Plays – Sophocles
Selected passages from King Oedipus, Oedipus at Colonus & Antigone

The Trial and Death of Socrates - Excerpts from the Four Dialogues by Plato

The Memorial from the Pascal’s Testimony
Man’s Natural Condition
Reason Can Begin Again by Recognizing What It Can Never Know
The Wager
The Corruption of Human Nature
Excerpts from the book Penses [which means thoughts} by Blaise Pascal

Plato, The Parable of the Caves
Viktor Frankl, Experiences in a Concentration Camp
Blaise Pascal, Diversion
Goethe, Faust
C.S. Lewis, The Weight of Glory
Bertrand Russell, A Free Man’s Worship
Albert Camus, The Plague
C.S. Lewis, Some Thoughts
C.S. Lewis, The Lion, The Witch, and the Wardrobe
Friedrich Nietzsche, The Parable of the Madman
Charles Darwin, The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin
G.K. Chesterton, The Hag of the World
C.S. Lewis, What Are We to Make of Jesus Christ
The Gospel of Mark, A Man Through the Roof
Blaise Pascal, The Wager
The Apostle Paul, Saul Becomes Paul
Aldous L. Huxley, Ends and Means
Helmuth James von Moltke, Letters to Freya
Excerpts from the book, The Journey, A Time for Questions edited by Oz Guinness

The Encheiridion of Epictetus (a crippled slave in Rome)

The Pilgrim’s Progress by John Bunyan - Excerpts from Parts the First

Excerpt from the play Waiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett
Excerpt from the play Waiting for Lefty by Clifford Odets

LITERATURE (continued)

Costly Grace – From The Cost of Discipleship by Dietrich Bonhoeffer

Excerpt from the book Night by Elie Wiesel

Detachment from Gravity of Grace, by Simone Weil

Quotations by Edmund Burke

“Why has God created souls knowing they would sin…?” Alfred, Lord Tennyson
On the question of sin & suffering. Extract from a Letter, 1839 On In Memorium

The Sincere Convert - Sample page by Thomas Shepard, Founder of Harvard University

CHARTS, GRAPHS, and PUZZLES

Understanding the Times Worldview Chart
Prof. Bowers’ expanded Worldview Chart – 1995-2008
Timeline of Apologists and Notable Works – Twentieth Century
Timeline of Apologists and Notable Works – Nineteenth Century
Timeline of Apologists and Notable Works – Reformation/Renaissance/Enlightenment
Timeline of Apologists and Notable Works – Early Church / Patristic Era & Middle Ages

Guide to Interpretation of the Biblical Texts
Definitions of the Attributes of God
The Dimensions of the Imago Dei
Classic Arguments for the Existence of God
Evaluation of the Classic Arguments for the Existence of God
Charts of Christian Theology edited and published by H. Wayne House

Naturalism vs. Theism: Which Context Best Explains the Phenomena We Observe?

Which Resurrection Theory Best Fits the Facts?
The Problem of Miracles
Intelligent Design Theory
Tools of Philosophy
Laws of Logic and Objections
How Can Truth Be Known?
Two Models of Origins: Fiat Creation and Naturalistic Evolution
The Relationship between Creation Ex Nihilo and Evangelical Theology
Charts of Christian Evidences edited and published by H. Wayne House

Comparisons of World Religions
Seven Major Worldviews
Comparison of Foundational Religious Worldviews
Major World Religions in Order of Founding
Comparison of Beliefs Among Religions
Why We Think and Act the Way We Do in the World
The Postmodern Analytical Framework
World Religions
Worldview Chart
The Spectrum of Religions and Religious Beliefs
An Overview Comparison of Ethical Theism, Modernism, and Postmodernism
Imperial & Fuedal System – figure & explanation
Discussed Types of Adaptation
Types of Culture
Systems of Culture
The Problem of Defining Conservatism

The Four Great Truths
The Trilemma – Lord, Liar or Lunatic

Selected Important Old Testament Archaeological Finds
Selected Important New Testament Archaeological Finds


CHARTS, GRAPHS, and PUZZLES (continued)

The Person of Christ
Messianic Prophecies Fulfilled in Christ
Theories of the Resurrection of Jesus Christ
Charts of Christian Theology edited and published by H. Wayne House

Comparison of Foundational Religious Worldviews
Major World Religions in Order of Founding
Comparison of Beliefs Among Religions
Timeline of Christianity
Evil
Christianity
Comparison of Beliefs within Christianity
Christian Scriptures
Timeline of Islam
Islam
Comparison of Beliefs within Islam
Sunni Islam
Shi’ite Islam
Charts of Christian Evidences edited and published by H. Wayne House

Generations – Four Types of Generational Cycles

Answers to Supposed Discrepancies in Scripture

Puzzles
Woman in Vanity? Or Skull?
How many legs does this elephant have?
Horizontal Lines
Black Dot
Native American or Eskimo
Duck or Rabbit

All Future Home Work Will Be Handed Out in Class

All future homework will be handed out in class and not posted on this site.

Prof. Clark's First Worldview Test

Introduction Test

“Introduction to Worldviews” video questions
Fill in the blanks: (3 points possible per answer)

1. In Colossians 2:8, Paul warns the Colossians not to be taken captive by vain or deceptive philosophies.

2. In 2 Corinthians 10:3-5, Paul informs the Corinthians that Christians should demolish strongholds [or arguments or pretensions] set up against the knowledge of God.

3. In 2 Timothy 2:22-26, Paul instructs Timothy to teach the truth to others that have been taken captive. The hope is that they will be set free.


Short answer: (9 points possible per answer)
4. What is a worldview?



‘Introduction’ textbook questions
Short answer: (9 points possible per answer)

5. What are some fundamental questions a worldview answers?

6. How is a worldview like a pair of eyeglasses? How is a worldview like a tree?


Matching: (1 point possible per answer)
*some options may be used more than once or not at all; some questions may have multiple answers
a. Theology
b. Philosophy
c. Ethics
d. Biology
e. Psychology
f. Sociology
g. Law
h. Politics
i. Economics
j. History

7. “God created the heavens and the earth.” (Genesis 1:1)

8. “after their kind” (Genesis 1:21)

9. “Be fruitful and multiply” (Genesis 1:28)

10. “it shall be for food” (Genesis 1:29)

11. “man became a living soul” (Genesis 2:7)

12. “knowledge of good and evil” (Genesis 2:9)

13. “enmity between you and the woman” (Genesis 3:15)

14. “I commanded you” (Genesis 3:11)

15. “Whoever sheds man's blood” (Genesis 9:6)

16. “Christ is lawgiver” (Genesis 49:10)
Playing with Fire Questions essay questions
True or False: (3 points possible per answer)
*if an answer is false, restate it to make it true

17. “What does a text mean to me?” is the key question when reading and interpreting the Bible.



18. The classical view of meaning is that a text is a mirror by which readers generate meaning.



19. Meanings are communicated through genres.



20. If God had not placed the words of Scripture within genres, we wouldn’t understand Scripture.



21. Biblical proverbs are instances of promises from God.



22. Bible verses were meant to be freestanding units of thought.



23. A Bible verse is simply a part of a paragraph and develops some aspect of the paragraph’s big idea.



24. Within its context, 1 Thessalonians 5:22 means to abstain from all appearances of evil.



25. We must know what biblical passages mean before we can apply their meaning to our lives.



26. We must know the Bible’s information before we can experience the Bible’s transformation.










“Ambassadors for Christ” video questions
Short answer: (9 points possible per answer)

27. What does it mean to be an ambassador for Christ?



Total Truth essay questions
True or false: (3 points possible per answer)
*if an answer is false, restate it to make it true

28. Politics tend to change culture.



29. The heart is for religion and the mind is used for science.



30. In modern society, the concept of truth is often divided into fact and value.



31. “Mohammad was God’s final prophet” is an example of a fact claim.



32. A worldview is like a mental map that tells us how to navigate the world effectively.

Home Work Sept. 9-16

Worldview Home Work for September 9-16

1. Read Total Truth Essay (SM pp. 26-32) and answer questions on a separate page to hand in

2. Read UTT textbook Theology 1.1-1.5 (UTT pp. 43-75)

3. Answer questions for 1.1-1.2 and 1.3-1.4 (SM 37-38) to hand in.

4. Watch Theology DVD.

Thanks again for being such a great class. I hope that by now everyone is catching up and that we are on the same page, so to speak. Remember you can always email me if you are having any difficulties. I usually reply no later than the next day.
profclarkbowers@gmail.com

4 New Riddles!!!

6 More Riddles

There is an Island whose only inhabitants are Knights, Knaves, and Normals. The Knights always tell the truth, The Knaves always lie, and The Normals can either lie or tell the truth. Also, on this Island Knaves are considered the lowest rank, Normals are middle rank and Knights are of highest rank.

Riddle 1: Given two inhabitants of this Island A,B, that make the following statements:
A: I am of lower rank than B.
B: That’s not true!

Q1:What are the ranks of A and B?
Q2: Are their statements true?

Riddle 2: Given three inhabitants of this Island A,B,C, one of whom is a knight, one a knave and one normal. A,B, make the following statements:
A: B is of higher rank than C.
B: C is of higher rank than A.
Q: When C is asked, “Who has a higher rank, A or B?” What does C answer?

Riddle 3: A man was looking at a portrait . Someone asked him, “Whose picture are you looking at?” He replied, “ Brothers and sisters have I none, but this man’s father is my father’s son.” Whose picture is the man looking at?

Riddle 4: A man is 100 yards due south of a bear. He walks 100 yards due east, then faces due north, fires his gun due north and hits the bear. What color is the bear? How many different places besides the North pole on earth would these instructions result in hitting the bear? Explain?

Riddle 5:
To help with last weeks riddles try this similar one:
A girl was looking at a photo and she said, "Brothers and sisters? I have one and this man's father is my fathers son." Who was in the photo?

6. SUPER ADVANCED BONUS RIDDLE (YOU MAY GET HELP FOM PARENTS OR TEACHERS WITH THIS ONE. IT CAN BE PERFECTLY SOLVED WITH ONLY THE EXACT INFO THAT I PROVIDE):
"A Cylindrical hole six inches long has been drilled straight through the center of a solid sphere. What is the volume remaining in the sphere."
This may be soved with calculus, with the forlmulas for solid spheres and cylidrical holes, or just by insightful deductive reasoning. All the information you need to sove it is included, feel free to ask your math teachers ;-)

Home Work Sept 2-9

Worldviews and Apologetics Home work for the week of 9-02-08

1. Answer the questions on page 21 of SM (Student Manuel) regarding last week’s DVD and turn it in next week.

2. Please read Playing with Fire Essay in SM.
Then on a separate page to be turned in answer the Essay Questions.

3. Write your first “Dear Doug” letter and turn it in next class.

4. Watch this weeks DVD “Ambassadors for Christ” and answer the questions in SM (pp.22-25) to be turned in next week.

As always, if you have any question you would like me to address in the next class or you have any suggestions at all, please feel free to email me ProfClarkBowers@Gmail.com Your emails will, of course, be kept confidentially.

Thanks for being such an engaging and interested class!

Leading Scientists who reject Darwinianism!

A SCIENTIFIC DISSENT FROM DARWINISM
"We are skeptical of claims for the ability of random mutation and natural selection to account for the complexity of life. Careful examination of the evidence for Darwinian theory should be encouraged." It is highly doubtful that Dawinianism accounts for life and species.
This was last publicly updated April 2008. Scientists listed by doctoral degree or current position.
Philip Skell Emeritus, Evan Pugh Prof. of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University Member of the National Academy of Sciences
Lyle H. Jensen Professor Emeritus, Dept. of Biological Structure & Dept. of Biochemistry University of Washington, Fellow AAAS
Maciej Giertych Full Professor, Institute of Dendrology Polish Academy of Sciences
Lev Beloussov Prof. of Embryology, Honorary Prof., Moscow State University Member, Russian Academy of Natural Sciences
Eugene Buff Ph.D. Genetics Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences
Emil Palecek Prof. of Molecular Biology, Masaryk University; Leading Scientist Inst. of Biophysics, Academy of Sci., Czech Republic
K. Mosto Onuoha Shell Professor of Geology & Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Univ. of Nigeria Fellow, Nigerian Academy of Science
Ferenc Jeszenszky Former Head of the Center of Research Groups Hungarian Academy of Sciences
M.M. Ninan Former President Hindustan Academy of Science, Bangalore University (India)
Denis Fesenko Junior Research Fellow, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia)
Sergey I. Vdovenko Senior Research Assistant, Department of Fine Organic Synthesis Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry
Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences (Ukraine)
Henry Schaefer Director, Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry University of Georgia
Paul Ashby Ph.D. Chemistry Harvard University
Israel Hanukoglu Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Chairman The College of Judea and Samaria (Israel)
Alan Linton Emeritus Professor of Bacteriology University of Bristol (UK)
Dean Kenyon Emeritus Professor of Biology San Francisco State University
David W. Forslund Ph.D. Astrophysics, Princeton University Fellow of American Physical Society
Robert W. Bass Ph.D. Mathematics (also: Rhodes Scholar; Post-Doc at Princeton) Johns Hopkins University
John Hey Associate Clinical Prof. (also: Fellow, American Geriatrics Society) Dept. of Family Medicine, Univ. of Mississippi
Daniel W. Heinze Ph.D. Geophysics (also: Post-Doc Fellow, Carnegie Inst. of Washington) Texas A&M University
Richard Anderson Assistant Professor of Environmental Science and Policy Duke University
David Chapman* Senior Scientist Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Giuseppe Sermonti Professor of Genetics, Ret. (Editor, Rivista di Biologia/Biology Forum) University of Perugia (Italy)
Stanley Salthe Emeritus Professor Biological Sciences Brooklyn College of the City University of New York
Marcos N. Eberlin Professor, The State University of Campinas (Brazil) Member, Brazilian Academy of Science
A SCIENTIFIC DISSENT FROM DARWINISM—1 WWW.DISCOVERY.ORG
Bernard d'Abrera Visiting Scholar, Department of Entomology British Museum (Natural History)
Mae-Wan Ho Ph.D. Biochemistry The University of Hong Kong
Donald Ewert Ph.D. Microbiology University of Georgia
Russell Carlson Professor of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology University of Georgia
Scott Minnich Professor, Dept of Microbiology, Molecular Biology & Biochemistry University of Idaho
Jeffrey Schwartz Assoc. Res. Psychiatrist, Dept. of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences University of California, Los Angeles
Alexander F. Pugach Ph.D. Astrophysics Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (Ukraine)
Ralph Seelke Professor of Molecular and Cellular Biology University of Wisconsin, Superior
Annika Parantainen Ph.D. Biology University of Turku (Finland)
Fred Schroeder Ph.D. Marine Geology Columbia University
David Snoke Associate Professor of Physics & Astronomy University of Pittsburgh
Frank Tipler Prof. of Mathematical Physics Tulane University
John A. Davison Emeritus Associate Professor of Biology University of Vermont
James Tour Chao Professor of Chemistry Rice University
Pablo Yepes Research Associate Professor of Physics & Astronomy Rice University
David Bolender Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy Medical College of Wisconsin
Leo Zacharski Professor of Medicine Dartmouth Medical School
Michael Behe Professor of Biological Science Lehigh University
Michael Atchison Professor of Biochemistry University of Pennsylvania, Vet School
Thomas G. Guilliams Ph.D. Molecular Biology The Medical College of Wisconsin
Arthur B. Robinson Professor of Chemistry Oregon Institute of Science & Medicine
Joel Adams Professor of Computer Science Calvin College
Abraham S. Feigenbaum Ph.D. Nutritional Biochemistry Rutgers University
Kevin Farmer Adjunct Assistant Professor (Ph.D. Scientific Methodology) University of Oklahoma
Neal Adrian Ph.D. Microbiology University of Oklahoma
Ge Wang Professor of Radiology & Biomedical Engineering University of Iowa
Moorad Alexanian Professor of Physics University of North Carolina, Wilmington
Richard Spencer Professor (Ph.D. Stanford) University of California, Davis, Solid-State Circuits Research Laboratory
Braxton Alfred Emeritus Professor, Anthropology University of British Columbia (Canada)
R. Craig Henderson Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering Tennessee Tech University
Wesley Allen Professor of Computational Quantum Chemistry University of Georgia
James Pierre Hauck Professor of Physics & Astronomy University of San Diego
Mark Apkarian Ph.D. Exercise Physiology University of New Mexico
Eshan Dias Ph.D. Chemical Engineering King’s College, Cambridge University (UK)
Joseph Atkinson Ph.D. Organic Chemistry MIT
Dennis Dean Rathman Staff Scientist MIT Lincoln Laboratory
Richard Austin Assoc. Prof. & Chair, Biology & Natural Sciences Piedmont College
Raymond C. Mjolsness Ph.D. Physics Princeton University
John Baumgardner Ph.D. Geophysics & Space Physics University of California, Los Angeles
Glenn R. Johnson Adjunct Professor of Medicine University of North Dakota School of Medicine
George Bennett Associate Professor of Chemistry Millikin University
Robert L. Waters Lecturer, College of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology
David Berlinski Ph.D. Philosophy Princeton University A SCIENTIFIC DISSENT FROM DARWINISM—2 WWW.DISCOVERY.ORG
James Robert Dickens Ph.D. Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M University
Phillip Bishop Professor of Kinesiology University of Alabama
Jeffrey M. Jones Professor Emeritus in Medicine (Ph.D. Microbiology and M.D.) University of Wisconsin-Madison
Donald R. Mull Ph.D. Physiology University of Pittsburgh
John Bloom Ph.D. Physics Cornell University
William Dembski Ph.D. Mathematics University of Chicago
Ben J. Stuart Ph.D. Chemical & Biochemical Engineering Rutgers University
Raymond Bohlin Ph.D. Molecular & Cell Biology University of Texas, Dallas
Christa R. Koval Ph.D. Chemistry University of Colorado at Boulder
John Bordelon Ph.D. Electrical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology
David Richard Carta Ph.D. Bio-Engineering University of California, San Diego
Lydia G. Thebeau Ph.D. Cell & Molecular Biology Saint Louis University
David Bossard Ph. D. Mathematics Dartmouth College
Robert W. Kelley Ph.D. Entomology Clemson University
David Bourell Professor Mechanical Engineering University of Texas, Austin
Carlos M. Murillo Professor of Medicine (Neurosurgery) Autonomous University of Guadalajara (Mexico)
Walter Bradley Distinguished Professor of Engineering Baylor University
Sami Palonen Ph.D. Analytical Chemistry University of Helsinki (Finland)
John Brejda Ph.D. Agronomy University of Nebraska, Lincoln
Bradley R. Johnson Ph.D. Materials Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Rudolf Brits Ph.D. Nuclear Chemistry University of Stellenbosch (South Africa)
Gary Kastello Ph.D. Biology University of Wisonsin-Milwaukee
Frederick Brooks Kenan Professor of Computer Science University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Omer Faruk Noyan Assistant Professor (Ph.D. Paleontology) Celal Bayar University (Turkey)
Neil Broom Associate Professor, Chemical & Materials Engineering University of Auckland (New Zealand)
Malcolm D. Chisholm Ph.D. Insect Ecology (M.A. Zoology, Oxford University) University of Bristol (UK)
John Brown Research Meteorologist National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Joseph A. Kunicki Associate Professor of Mathematics The University of Findlay
John Brumbaugh Emeritus Professor of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska, Lincoln
Thomas M. Stackhouse Ph.D. Biochemistry University of California, Davis
Nancy Bryson Associate Professor of Chemistry Mississippi University for Women
Walter L. Starkey Professor Emeritus of Mechanical Engineering The Ohio State University
Donald Calbreath Professor, Department of Chemistry Whitworth College
Pingnan Shi Ph.D. Electrical Engineering (Artificial Neural Networks) University of British Columbia (Canada)
John B. Cannon Ph.D. Organic Chemistry Princeton University
John L. Burba Ph.D. Physical Chemistry Baylor University
Stephen J. Cheesman Ph.D. Geophysics University of Toronto
Mike Forward Ph.D. Applied Mathematics (Chaos Theory) Imperial College, University of London (UK)
Lowell D. White Industrial Hygiene Specialist (Ph.D. Epidemiology) University of New Mexico
Brian Landrum Associate Professor of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering University of Alabama, Huntsville
David Chambers Physicist Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Michael T. Goodrich Professor of Computer Science University of California, Irvine
T. Timothy Chen Ph.D. Statistics University of Chicago
Sarah M. Williams Ph.D. Environmental Engineering (emphasis in microbiology) Stanford University
Donald Clark Ph.D. Physical Biochemistry Louisiana State University A SCIENTIFIC DISSENT FROM DARWINISM—3 WWW.DISCOVERY.ORG
John Frederick Zino Ph.D. Nuclear Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology
Shing-Yan Chiu Professor of Physiology University of Wisconsin, Madison
Todd A. Anderson Ph.D. Computer Science University of Kentucky
John Cimbala Professor of Mechanical Engineering Pennsylvania State University
Chris Swanson Tutor (Ph.D. Physics, University of Oregon) Gutenberg College
Kieran Clements Assistant Professor, Natural Sciences Toccoa Falls College
Jan Chatham Ph.D. Neurophysiology University of North Texas
George A. Gates Emeritus Emeritus Professor of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of Washington
John Cogdell Professor of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Texas, Austin
David R. Beaucage Ph.D. Mathematics State University of New York at Stony Brook
Leon Combs Professor & Chair, Chemistry & Biochemistry Kennesaw State University
Laraba P. Kendig Ph.D. Materials Science & Engineering University of Michigan
Nicholas Comninellis Associate Professor of Community and Family Medicine University of Missouri-Kansas City
Stephen Crouse Professor of Kinesiology Texas A&M University
Cham Dallas Professor, Pharmaceutics & Biomedical Science University of Georgia
Charles N. Verheyden Professor of Surgery Texas A&M College of Medicine
Melody Davis Ph.D. Chemistry Princeton University
Thomas Deahl Ph.D. Radiation Biology The University of Iowa
Robert DeHaan Ph.D. Human Development University of Chicago
Gage Blackstone Doctor of Veterinary Medicine Texas A&M University
Harold Delaney Professor of Psychology University of New Mexico
Jonathan C. Boomgaarden Ph.D. Mechanical Engineering University of Wisconsin
William Bordeaux Chair, Department of Natural & Mathematical Science Huntington College
Michael Delp Professor of Physiology Texas A&M University
Keith F. Conner Ph.D. Electrical Engineering Clemson University
David DeWitt Associate Professor of Biology Liberty University
Aaron J. Miller Ph.D. Physics Stanford University
Gary Dilts Ph.D. Mathematical Physics University of Colorado
Gerald Chubb Associate Professor of Aviation Ohio State University
Robert DiSilvestro Ph.D. Biochemistry Texas A & M University
Daniel Dix Associate Professor of Mathematics University of South Carolina
Allison Dobson Assistant Professor, Chemistry Georgia Southern University
David Prentice Professor, Department of Life Sciences Indiana State University
Kenneth Dormer Ph.D. Biology & Physiology University of California, Los Angeles
Ernest Prabhakar Ph.D. Experimental Particle Physics California Institute of Technology
John Doughty Ph.D. Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering University of Arizona
Jeanne Drisko Clinical Assistant Professor of Alternative Medicine University of Kansas, School of Medicine
Robert Eckel Professor of Medicine, Physiology & Biophysics University of Colorado Health Sciences Center
Seth Edwards Associate Professor of Geology University of Texas, El Paso
Eduard F. Schmitter Ph.D. Astronomy University of Wisconsin
Lee Eimers Professor of Physics & Mathematics Cedarville University
William J. Hedden Ph.D. Geology Missouri University of Science & Technology
Daniel Ely Professor, Biology University of Akron
Pattle Pun Professor of Biology Wheaton College
Thomas English Adjunct Professor of Physics & Engineering Palomar College A SCIENTIFIC DISSENT FROM DARWINISM—4 WWW.DISCOVERY.ORG
Rosalind Picard Sc.D. Electrical Engineering & Computer Science MIT
Danielle Dalafave Associate Professor of Physics The College of New Jersey
Richard Erdlac Ph.D. Structural Geology University of Texas (Austin)
Michael C. Reynolds Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering University of Arkansas-Fort Smith
Bruce Evans Ph.D. Neurobiology Emory University
Gary Achtemeier Ph.D. Meteorology Florida State University
William Everson Ph.D. Human Physiology Penn State College of Medicine
Susan L.M. Huck Ph.D. Geology/Geography Clark University
James Florence Associate Professor, Department of Public Health East Tennessee State University
Douglas R. Buck Ph.D. Nutrition and Food Sciences Utah State University Fellow, American College of Nutrition
Margaret Flowers Professor of Biology Wells College
Étienne Windisch Ph.D. Engineering McGill University (Canada)
Mark Foster Ph.D. Chemical Engineering University of Minnesota
Suzanne Sawyer Vincent Ph.D. Physiology & Biophysics University of Washington
Clarence Fouche Professor of Biology Virginia Intermont College
Robert Blomgren Ph.D. Mathematics University of Minnesota
Kenneth French Chairman, Division of Natural Science Blinn College
Richard N. Taylor Professor of Information & Computer Science University of California, Irvine
Stephen C. Knowles Ph.D. Marine Science University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Marvin Fritzler Professor of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology University of Calgary Medical School (Canada)
Walter E. Lillo Ph.D. Electrical Engineering Purdue University
Mark Fuller Ph.D. Microbiology University of California, Davis
Daniel Galassini Doctor of Veterinary Medicine Kansas State University
Stanley E. Zager Professor Emeritus, Chemical Engineering Youngstown State University
Andrew Fong Ph.D. Chemistry Indiana University
John Garth Ph.D. Physics University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana
Glen O. Brindley Professor of Surgery, Director of Ophthalmology Scott & White Clinic, Texas A&M University H.S.C.
Ann Gauger Ph.D. Zoology University of Washington
Pamela Faith Fahey Ph.D. Physiology & Biophysics University of Illinois
Paul Brown Assistant Professor of Environmental Studies Trinity Western University (Canada)
Mark Geil Ph.D. Biomedical Engineering Ohio State University
Ibrahim Barsoum Ph.D. Microbiology The George Washington University
Jim Gibson Ph.D. Biology Loma Linda University
John W. Balliet Ph.D. Molecular & Cellular Biology University of Pennsylvania,
Post-doctoral Fellowship, Harvard Medical School
William Gilbert Emeritus Professor of Biology Simpson College
Joe R. Eagleman Professor Emeritus, Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Kansas
Warren Gilson Associate Professor, Dairy Science University of Georgia
Raul Leguizamon Professor of Medicine (Pathology) Autonomous University of Guadalajara (Mexico)
Steven Gollmer Ph.D. Atmospheric Science Purdue University
Gene B. Chase Professor of Mathematics and Computer Science (Ph.D. Cornell) Messiah College
Chris Grace Associate Professor of Psychology Biola University
James A. Ellard, Sr. Ph.D. Chemistry University of Kentucky
Richard Gunasekera Ph.D. Biochemical Genetics Baylor University A SCIENTIFIC DISSENT FROM DARWINISM—5 WWW.DISCOVERY.ORG
Jennifer M. Cohen Ph.D. Mathematical Physics New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology
Russel Peak Senior Researcher, Engineering Information Systems Georgia Institute of Technology
Graham Gutsche Emeritus Professor of Physics U.S. Naval Academy
Dan Hale Professor of Animal Science Texas A&M University
Robert L. Jones Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology University of California, Irvine
James Harbrecht Clinical Associate Professor, Division of Cardiology University of Kansas Medical Center
George W. Benthien Ph.D. Mathematics Carnegie Mellon University
James Harman Associate Chair, Dept. of Chemistry & Biochemistry Texas Tech University
Frederick T. Zugibe Emeritus Adjunct Associate Professor of Pathology Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
William Harris Ph.D. Nutritional Biochemistry University of Minnesota
Thomas H. Johnson Ph.D. Mathematics University of Maryland
Paul Hausgen Ph.D. Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology
Gregory A. Snyder Ph.D. Geochemistry Colorado School of Mines
Walter Hearn Ph.D. Biochemistry University of Illinois
Howard Martin Whitcraft Ph.D. Mathematics University of St. Louis
Nolan Hertel Professor, Nuclear & Radiological Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology
Joseph Francis Associate Professor of Biology Cedarville University
Roland Hirsch Ph.D. Analytical Chemistry University of Michigan
Todd Peterson Ph.D. Plant Physiology University of Rhode Island
Charles Edward Norman Ph.D. Electrical Engineering Carleton University (Canada)
Dewey Hodges Professor, Aerospace Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology
James P. Russum Ph.D. Chemical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology
Marko Horb Ph.D. Cell & Developmental Biology State University of New York
Joe Watkins Military Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering United States Military Academy
Barton Houseman Emeritus Professor of Chemistry Goucher College
Mark Pritt Ph.D. Mathematics Yale University
Edward Peltzer Ph.D. Oceanography University of California, San Diego (Scripps Institute)
Cornelius Hunter Ph.D. Biophysics University of Illinois
Rodney Ice Principle Research Scientist, Nuclear & Radiological Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology
Malcolm W. MacArthur Ph.D. Molecular Biophysics University of London (UK)
Rafe Payne Ph.D. Biology University of Nebraska
Muzaffar Iqbal Ph.D. Chemistry University of Saskatchewan (Canada)
Mark P. Bowman Ph.D. Organic Chemistry Pennsylvania State University
David Ives Emeritus Professor of Biochemistry Ohio State University
Amiel Jarstfer Associate Professor of Biology LeTourneau University
Stephan J. G. Gift Professor of Electrical Engineering The University of the West Indies
Tony Jelsma Ph.D. Biochemistry McMaster University (Canada)
Fred Johnson Ph.D. Pathology Vanderbilt University
Raleigh R. White, IV Professor of Surgery Texas A&M University, College of Medicine
Jerry Johnson Ph.D. Pharmacology & Toxicology Purdue University
Harold D. Cole Professor of Physiology Southwestern Oklahoma State University
Yongsoon Park Ph.D. Nutritional Biochemistry Washington State University
Richard Johnson Professor of Chemistry LeTourneau University
David Hagen Ph.D. Mechanical Engineering University of Minnesota A SCIENTIFIC DISSENT FROM DARWINISM—6 WWW.DISCOVERY.ORG
David Johnson Associate Professor of Pharmacology & Toxicology Duquesne University
Jay Hollman Assistant Clinical Professor of Cardiology Louisiana State University Health Science Center
Lawrence Johnston Emeritus Professor of Physics University of Idaho
Albert J. Starshak Ph.D. Physical Chemistry Illinois Institute of Technology
Robert Jones Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas-Pan America
Scott T. Dreher Ph.D. Geology (Royal Society USA Research Fellow) University of Alaska, Fairbanks
David Jones Professor of Biochemistry & Chair of Chemistry Grove City College
Robert Kaita Ph.D. Nuclear Physics Rutgers University
Kenneth Demarest Professor of Electrical Engineering University of Kansas
Edwin Karlow Chair, Department of Physics LaSierra University
Francis M. Donahue Professor Emeritus, Chemical Engineering The University of Michigan
James Keener Professor of Mathematics & Adjunct of Bioengineering University of Utah
Shawn Wright Ph.D. Crop Science North Carolina State University
Douglas Keil Ph.D. Plasma Physics University of Wisconsin, Madison
Dave Finnegan Staff Member (Ph.D. Chemistry, University of Maryland) Los Alamos National Laboratory
Micheal Kelleher Ph.D. Biophysical Chemistry University of Ibadan (Nigeria)
Christine B. Beaucage Ph.D. Mathematics State University of New York at Stony Brook
Rebecca Keller Research Professor, Department of Chemistry University of New Mexico
Gerald E. Hoyer Retired Forrest Scientist (Ph.D. Silviculture, University of Washington) Washington State Department of Natural Resources
Michael Kent Ph.D. Materials Science University of Minnesota
William A. Eckert, III Ph.D. Cell & Molecular Physiology University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Richard Kinch Ph.D. Computer Science Cornell University
Irfan Yilmaz Professor of Biology (Ph.D. Systematic Zoology) Dokuz Eylul University (Turkey)
Bretta King Assistant Professor of Chemistry Spelman College
Mauricio Alcocer Director of Graduate Studies (Ph.D. Plant Science, University of Idaho) Autonomous University of Guadalajara (Mexico)
R. Barry King Prof. of Environmental Safety & Health Albuquerque Technical Vocational Institute
Hiroshi Ishii M.D., Ph.D. Behavioral Neurology Tohoku University (Japan)
Michael Kinnaird Ph.D. Organic Chemistry University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Lasse Uotila M.D., Ph.D. Medicinal Biochemistry University of Helsinki (Finland)
Donald Kobe Professor of Physics University of North Texas, Denton
Martin Emery Ph.D. Chemistry University of Southampton (UK)
Charles Koons Ph.D. Organic Chemistry University of Minnesota
Miguel A. Rodriguez Undergraduate Lab. Coordinator for Biochemistry University of Ottawa (Canada)
Carl Koval Full Professor, Chemistry & Biochemistry University of Colorado, Boulder
Magda Narciso Leite Professor, College of Pharmacy & Biochemistry Universidade Federal de Juiz de For a (Brazil)
Bruce Krogh Professor of Electrical & Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University
Tetsuichi Takagi Senior Research Scientist Geological Survey of Japan
Daniel Kuebler Ph.D. Molecular & Cellular Biology University of California, Berkeley
William Notz Professor of Statistics Ohio State University
Wesley Nyborg Emeritus Professor of Physics University of Vermont
Peter William Holyland Ph.D. Geology University of Queensland (Australia)
Paul Kuld Associate Professor, Biological Science Biola University
Heather Kuruvilla Ph.D. Biological Sciences State University of New York, Buffalo
Nancy L. Swanson Ph.D. Physics Florida State University
Martin LaBar Ph. D. Genetics & Zoology University of Wisconsin, Madison A SCIENTIFIC DISSENT FROM DARWINISM—7 WWW.DISCOVERY.ORG
William B. Hart Assistant Professor of Mathematics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Teresa Larranaga Ph.D. Pharmacology University of New Mexico
Yuri Zharikov Post-Doctoral Research Fellow (Ph.D. Zoology) Simon Fraser University (Canada)
Ronald Larson Professor and Chair of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan
Wolfgang Hutter Ph.D. Chemistry University of Ulm (Germany)
Robert Lattimer Ph.D. Chemistry University of Kansas, Lawrence
Robert J. Graham Ph.D. Chemical Engineering Iowa State University
M. Harold Laughlin Professor & Chair, Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Missouri
Samuel C. Winchester Klopman Distinguished Professor Emeritus (Ph.D. Princeton) North Carolina State University
George Lebo Associate Professor of Astronomy University of Florida
Kurt J. Henle Professor Emeritus (Ph.D. Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania) University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
J.B. Lee Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering University of Texas, Dallas
James O. Dritt Ph.D. Civil Engineering & Environmental Science University of Oklahoma
Matti Leisola Professor, Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering Helsinki University of Technology
Manuel Garcia Ulloa Gomez Director of Marine Sciences Laboratory Autonomous University of Guadalajara (Mexico)
E. Lennard Sc. D. Surgical Infections & Immunology University of Cincinnati
Glen E. Deal Ph.D. Electrical Engineering Florida Institute of Technology
Lane Lester Ph.D. Genetics Purdue University
Paul Whitehead Ph.D. Chemical Thermodynamics University of Natal (South Africa)
Catherine Lewis Ph.D. Geophysics Colorado School of Mines
John R. Goltz Ph.D. Electrical Engineering University of Arizona
Peter Line Ph.D. Neuroscience Swinburne University of Technology (Australia)
Gerald P. Bodey Emeritus Professor of Medicine, Former Chairman Department of Medical Specialties,
University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Garrick Little Ph.D. Organic Chemistry Texas A & M University
John Nichols Ph.D. Mathematics University of Tennessee
Mark Bearden Ph.D. Electrical & Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University
Harry Lubansky Ph.D. Biological Chemistry University of Illinois, Chicago
Daniel L. Moran Ph.D. Molecular & Cellular Biology Ohio University
Fulbright Scholar
Ken Ludema Emeritus Professor of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan
Jed Macosko Ph.D. Chemistry University of California, Berkeley
Nigel Surridge Ph.D. Electrochemistry & Photochemistry University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Christopher Macosko Ph.D. Chemical Engineering Princeton University
David Keller Associate Professor of Chemistry University of New Mexico
Allen Magnuson Ph. D. Theoretical & Applied Mechanics University of New Hampshire
Amy Ward Ph.D. Mathematics Clemson University
Donald Mahan Professor of Animal Nutrition Ohio State University
Shane A. Kasten Post-Doctoral Fellow (Ph.D. Biochemistry, Kansas State University) Virginia Commonwealth University
Robert Marks Professor, Signal & Image Processing University of Washington
Jesus Ambriz Professor of Medicine Autonomous University of Guadalajara (Mexico)
Julie Marshall Ph.D. Chemistry Texas Tech University
Jay L. Wile Ph.D. Nuclear Chemistry University of Rochester
David McClellan Assistant Professor of Family & Community Medicine Texas A&M University College of Medicine
Evgeny Shirokov Faculty Lecturer (Nuclear and Particle Physics) Moscow State University (Russia) A SCIENTIFIC DISSENT FROM DARWINISM—8 WWW.DISCOVERY.ORG
Andy McIntosh Full Professor of Thermodynamics and Combustion Theory University of Leeds (UK)
Mark A. Robinson Ph.D. Environmental Science Lacrosse University
Tom McMullen Ph.D. History & Philosophy of Science Indiana University
Martin Poenie Associate Professor of Molecular and Cell Biology University of Texas, Austin
Tony Mega Ph.D. Biochemistry Purdue University
Carl Poppe Ph.D. Physics University of Wisconsin
James Menart Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering Wright State University
Theodor Liss Ph.D. Chemistry MIT
James Keesling Professor of Mathematics University of Florida
Brian Miller Ph.D. Physics Duke University
Christopher D. Beling Associate Professor of Physics The University of Hong Kong (China)
Art Nitz Ph.D. Anatomy & Neurobiology University of Kentucky
Thomas Milner Associate Professor of Biomedical Engineering University of Texas, Austin
David Ness Ph.D. Anthropology Temple University
Forrest Mims Atmospheric Researcher Geronimo Creek Observatory
S. W. Pelletier* Emeritus Distinguished Professor of Chemistry University of Georgia, Athens
Paul Missel Ph.D. Physics MIT
Dónal O'Mathúna Ph.D. Pharmacognosy Ohio State University
Lennart Möller Professor, Center for Nutrition & Toxicology Karolinska Institute
Victoriano Saenz Professor of Medicine Autonomous University of Guadalajara (Mexico)
David Monson Ph.D. Analytical Chemistry Indiana University
Hugh Nutley* Professor Emeritus of Physics & Engineering Seattle Pacific University
Terry Morrison Ph.D. Chemistry Syracuse University
Bijan Nemati Ph.D. High Energy Physics University of Washington
William Russell Belding Ph.D. Mathematics University of Notre Dame
Bridget Ingham Ph.D. Physics Victoria University of Wellington (New Zealand)
Paul Nesselroade Associate Professor of Experimental Psychology Asbury College
Kevin L. Kendig Ph.D. Materials Science & Engineering University of Michigan
Robert Newman Ph.D. Astrophysics Cornell University
Angus Menuge Ph.D. Philosophy of Psychology University of Wisconsin-Madison
Khawar Sohail Siddiqui Senior Research Associate (Protein Chemistry) University of New South Wales (Australia)
Janet Parker Professor of Medical Physiology Texas A&M University, Health Science Center
Scott Northrup Chair and Professor of Chemistry Tennessee Tech University
John Omdahl* Professor of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology University of New Mexico
Fazale Rana Ph.D. Chemistry Ohio University
Rebecca Orr Ph.D. Cell Biology University of Texas, Southwestern
Cevat Babuna Professor Emeritus of Gynecology (Post-doc, University of Chicago) Istanbul University (Turkey)
Lawrence Overzet Professor of Engineering & Computer Science University of Texas, Dallas
J. Meredith Assistant Professor, Chemical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology
Siddarth Pandey Assistant Professor of Chemistry New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology
Gordon Mills Emeritus Professor of Biochemistry University of Texas, Medical Branch
A. Clyde Hill Ph.D. Soil Chemistry Rutgers University
Stephen Meyer Ph.D. Philosophy of Science Cambridge University
William Purcell Ph.D. Physical Chemistry Princeton University A SCIENTIFIC DISSENT FROM DARWINISM—9 WWW.DISCOVERY.ORG
Paul Randolph Ph.D. Mathematical Statistics University of Minnesota
Christopher Morbey Astronomer (Ret.) Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, National Research Council of Canada
David Reed Ph.D Entomology University of California, Riverside
Charles D. Johnson Ph.D. Chemistry University of Minnesota
J. Ishizaki Associate Professor of Neuropsychology (M.D., Ph.D. Medicine) Kobe Gakuin University (Japan)
David Rogstad Ph.D. Physics California Institute of Technology
Arthur John Jones Ph.D. Zoology & Comparative Physiology Birmingham University (UK)
Patricia Reiff Director, Rice Space Institute Rice University
Oleh Havrysh Senior Research Assistant, Protein & Peptide Structure & Function Dept. Institute of Bioorganic Chemsitry & Petrochemistry
Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences (Ukraine)
Dan Reynolds Ph.D. Organic Chemistry University of Texas, Austin
Andrew Steckley Ph.D. Civil Engineering University of Western Ontario (Canada)
Terry Rickard Ph.D. Engineering Physics University of California, San Diego
Arlen W. Siert Ph.D. Environmental Health Colorado State University
Mubashir Hanif Ph.D. Plant Biology University of Helsinki (Finland)
Eliot Roberts Ph.D. Soil Chemistry Rutgers University
Mario Beauregard Associate Researcher, Department of Psychology (Ph.D. Neuroscience) University of Montreal (Canada)
Quinton Rogers Prof. of Physiological Chemistry, Dept. of Molecular Biosciences Univ. of California, Davis, School of Vet. Medicine
Liang Hong Associate Professor, Dept. of Dental Public Health & Behavioral Science University of Missouri—Kansas City
Daniel Romo Professor of Chemistry Texas A&M University
David Sabatini Professor Civil Engineering & Environmental Science University of Oklahoma
Richard Buggs DPhil Plant Ecology & Evolution Oxford University (UK)
Theodore Saito Ph.D. Physics Pennsylvania State University
Kay Roscoe Ph.D. High Energy Particle Physics University of Manchester (UK)
Thomas Saleska Professor of Biology Concordia University
James F. Drake Ph.D. Atmospheric Science University of California, Los Angeles
Fernando Saravi Professor, Department of Morphology and Physiology Med. Sciences School, Univ. Nacional de Cuyo (Argentina)
Harold Toups Ph.D. Chemical Engineering Louisiana State University
Phillip Savage Professor of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan
Seyyed Imran Husnain Ph.D. Bacterial Genetics University of Sheffield (UK)
Dale Schaefer Professor, Materials Science & Engineering University of Cincinnati
Russell C. Healey Ph.D. Electrical Engineering University of Cambridge (UK)
Siegfried Scherer Professor of Microbial Ecology Technische Universität München
Stuart C. Burgess Professor of Design & Nature, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Bristol University (UK)
Norman Schmidt Professor of Chemistry Georgia Southern University
Steve Maxwell Associate Professor of Molecular and Cellular Medicine Texas A&M University, H.S.C.
Andrew Schmitz Ph.D. Inorganic Chemistry University of Iowa
Anne E. Vravick Ph.D. Environmental Toxicology University of Wisconsin, Madison
Granville Sewell Professor of Mathematics University of Texas, El Paso
Richard A. Strong Ph.D. Chemistry Northeastern University
Marshall Adams Ph.D. Marine Sciences University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Stephen Sewell Assistant Professor of Family Medicine Texas A&M University
Gregory Shearer Ph.D. Physiology University of California, Davis A SCIENTIFIC DISSENT FROM DARWINISM—10 WWW.DISCOVERY.ORG
Douglas Nelson Rose Research Physicist United States Army
David Shormann Ph.D. Limnology Texas A&M University
Paul Lorenzini Ph.D. Nuclear Engineering Oregon State University
Dale Spence Emeritus Professor of Kinesiology Rice University
David W. Dykstra Ph.D. Computer Science University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
Arnold Sikkema Associate Professor of Physics Dordt College
Larry S. Helmick Senior Professor of Chemistry Cedarville University
Georgia Purdom Ph.D. Molecular Genetics Ohio State University
John Silvius Ph.D. Plant Physiology West Virginia University
Philip S. Taylor Research Fellow, Computer Science Queen’s University Belfast (UK)
Fred Skiff Professor of Physics University of Iowa
Giulio D. Guerra First Researcher of the Italian National Research Council (Chemistry) Istituto Materiali Compositi e Biomedici, CNR (Italy)
Ken Smith Professor of Mathematics Central Michigan University
Jacquelyn W. McClelland Professor (Ph.D. Nutritional Biochemistry) North Carolina State University, NCCE
Robert Smith Professor of Chemistry University of Nebraska, Omaha
Ian C. Fuller Senior Lecturer in Physical Geography Massey University (New Zealand)
Wolfgang Smith Emeritus Professor of Mathematics Oregon State University
Wayne L. Cook Ph.D. Inorganic Chemistry University of Kentucky
John Stamper Research Physicist Naval Research Laboratory
Jeffrey L. Vaughn Ph.D. Engineering University of California, Irvine
Timothy Standish Ph.D. Environmental Biology George Mason University
William Hankley Professor of Computer Science Kansas State University
Walt Stangl Associate Professor of Mathematics Biola University
John C. Walton Professor of Reactive Chemistry (Ph.D. & D.Sc.) University of St. Andrews (UK)
Fellow Royal Society of Chemistry
Fellow Royal Society of Edinburgh
Karl Stephan Associate Professor, Dept. of Technology Texas State University, San Marcos
Cahit Babuna Ph.D. Radiology Istanbul University (Turkey)
Richard Sternberg Ph.D. Biology (Molecular Evolution) Florida International University
Also: Ph.D. Systems Science (Theoretical Biology) Binghamton University
Reid W. Castrodale P.E., Ph.D. Structural Engineering University of Texas, Austin
Michael Strauss Associate Professor of Physics University of Oklahoma
Jason David Ward Ph.D. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Glasgow University (UK)
Scott A. Renner Ph.D. Computer Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
John Studenroth Ph.D. Plant Pathology Cornell University
Peter M. Rowell D.Phil. Physics University of Oxford (UK)
Mark Swanson Ph.D. Biochemistry University of Illinois
João Jorge Ribeiro Soares Gonçalves de Araújo, Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics Open University (Portugal)
James Swanson Professor of Biological Sciences Old Dominion University
Justin Holl Ph.D. Animal Science University of Nebraska, Lincoln
Bela Szilagyi Ph.D. Physics University of Pittsburgh
Richard Mann Ph.D. Physical Chemistry Princeton University
Daniel Tedder Associate Professor, Chemical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology
Derek Linkens Senior Research Fellow and Emeritus Professor (Biomedical Eng.) University of Sheffield (UK)
Charles Thaxton Ph.D. Physical Chemistry Iowa State University A SCIENTIFIC DISSENT FROM DARWINISM—11 WWW.DISCOVERY.ORG
Lee M. Spetner Ph.D. Physics MIT
Christopher L. Thomas Ph.D. Analytical Chemistry University of South Carolina
Sture Blomberg Associate Professor of Anesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine The Sahlgren University Hospital (Sweden)
Pavithran Thomas Ph.D. Mechanical Engineering Ohio State University
Leonard Loose Ph.D. Botany University of Leeds (UK)
Richard Thompson Ph.D. Computer Science University of Connecticut
D. Albrey Arrington Ph.D. Wildlife & Fisheries Sciences Texas A&M University
Stephen Lloyd Ph.D. Materials Science University of Cambridge (UK)
James R. Thompson Noah Harding Professor of Statistics Rice University
Denis M. Boyle Ph.D. Medical Biochemistry University of Witwatersrand (South Africa)
Ide Trotter Ph.D. Chemical Engineering Princeton University
Kevin E. Spaulding Ph.D. Optical Engineering University of Rochester
Royal Truman Ph.D. Organic Chemistry Michigan State University
Robert VanderVennen Ph.D. Physical Chemistry Michigan State University
Nigel E. Robinson Ph.D. Molecular Biology University of Nottingham (UK)
Vincente Villa Emeritus Professor of Biology Southwestern University
Margil Wadley Ph.D. Inorganic Chemistry Purdue University
Clifton L. Kehr Ph.D. Chemistry University of Delaware
Carston Wagner Associate Professor of Medicinal Chemistry University of Minnesota
Karl Heinz Kienitz Professor, Department of Systems & Control Instituto Technologico de Aeronautica (Brazil)
Linda Walkup Ph.D. Molecular Genetics University of New Mexico Medical School
James Tumlin Associate Professor of Medicine Emory University
David Van Dyke Ph.D. Analytical Chemistry University of Illinois, Urbana
John Walkup Emeritus Professor of Electrical & Computer Engineering Texas Tech University
Pieder Beeli Ph.D. Physics University of Notre Dame
Robert Waltzer Associate Professor of Biology Belhaven College
James R. Brawer Professor of Anatomy & Cell Biology (Ph.D., Harvard) McGill University (Canada)
Todd Watson Assistant Professor of Urban & Community Forestry Texas A & M University
Weimin Gao Microbiologist Brookhaven National Laboratory
Woody Weed Mechanical Engineer, Science & Technology Division Sandia National Labs
Heikki Martikka Professor of Machine Design Lappeenranta University of Technology (Finland)
Gerald Wegner Ph.D. Entomology Loyola University
Richard R. Neptune Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas, Austin
Jonathan Wells Ph.D. Molecular & Cell Biology University of California, Berkeley
Alexandre S. Soares Ph.D. Mathematics Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
Robert Wentworth Ph.D. Toxicology University of Georgia
Einar W. Palm Professor Emeritus, Department of Plant Pathology University of Missouri, Columbia
R. P. Wharton Ph.D. Electrical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology
Sandra Gade Emeritus Professor of Physics University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh
Elden Whipple Affiliate Professor of Earth & Space Sciences University of Washington
Chee K. Yap Professor of Computer Science (Ph.D., Yale University) Courant Institute, New York University
Mark White Professor of Chemical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology
Charles Detwiler Ph.D. Genetics Cornell University
Terrance Murphy Professor of Chemistry Weill Cornell Medical College
Ed Neeland Professor of Chemistry Okanagan University A SCIENTIFIC DISSENT FROM DARWINISM—12 WWW.DISCOVERY.ORG
Gregg Wilkerson Ph.D. Geologic Science University of Texas, El Paso
Joseph M. Marra Director, Interventional Radiology, & Adjunct Professor of Medicine Niagara Falls Memorial Medical Center
Ken Pascoe Ph.D. Electrical Engineering Air Force Institute of Technology
John H. Whitmore Associate Professor of Geology Cedarville University
Ernest L. Brannon Professor Emeritus, Distinguished Research Professor (Ph.D. Fisheries) University of Idaho
Christopher Williams Ph.D. Biochemistry Ohio State University
Georg A. Speck Ph.D. Biology, Molecular Pharmacology University of Heidelberg (Germany)
J. Mitch Wolff Professor of Mechanical Engineering Wright State University
Thomas D. Gillespie Research Professor Emeritus Transportation Research Institute, University of Michigan
John Worraker Ph.D. Applied Mathematics University of Bristol (UK)
Alexander Yankovsky Assistant Professor of Physical Oceanography Nova Southeastern University
John C. Zink Former Assistant Professor of Engineering University of Oklahoma
Patrick Young Ph.D. Chemistry Ohio University
David Zartman Ph.D. Genetics & Animal Breeding Ohio State University
Charles T. Rombough Ph.D. Engineering University of Texas
Henry Zuill Emeritus Professor of Biology Union College
Jane M. Orient Clinical Lecturer in Medicine University of Arizona College of Medicine
Frank Young Ph.D. Computer Engineering Air Force Institute of Technology
Murray E. Moore Ph.D. Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M University
William J. Powers Ph.D. Physics University California, San Diego
Max G. Walter Associate Professor of Radiology Oklahoma University Health Science Center
Rosa María Muñoz Head of Biopharmacy Department Autonomous University of Guadalajara (Mexico)
Scott R. Fulton Ph.D. Atmospheric Science Colorado State University
Don Olson Ph.D. Analytical Chemistry Purdue University
Graham Marshall Ph.D. Analytical Chemistry University of Pretoria (South Africa)
Philip R. Page Ph.D. Theoretical Particle Physics University of Oxford (UK)
Roger Wiens Ph.D. Physics University of Minnesota
Mark Toleman Ph.D. Molecular Microbiology Bristol University (UK)
Robert O. Kalbach Ph.D. Physical Chemistry University of South Florida
Gregory J. Brewer Prof. of Neurology, Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology Southern Illinois University School of Medicine
Neil Huber Dr. rer. nat. (Ph.D. Anthropology) Tuebingen University
Marc C. Daniels Assistant Professor of Biology William Carey College
J.D. Moolenburgh Ph.D. Epidemiology University of Rotterdam (The Netherlands)
Roger Lien Ph.D. Physiology North Carolina State University
Dean Schulz Ph.D. Computer Science Colorado State University
John Millam Ph.D. Computational Chemistry Rice University
Joseph Lary Epidemiologist and Research Biologist (retired) Centers for Disease Control
Richard S. Beale, Jr. Ph.D. Entomology University of California, Berkeley
Ernest M. Thiessen Ph.D. Civil & Environmental Engineering Cornell University
Tianyou Wang Research Scientist Center for Advanced Studies in Measurement & Assessment, University of Iowa
Øyvind A. Voie Ph.D. Biology University of Oslo (Norway)
David K. Shortess Professor of Biology (Retired) New Mexico Tech
A.D. Harrison Emeritus Professor of Biology University of Waterloo A SCIENTIFIC DISSENT FROM DARWINISM—13 WWW.DISCOVERY.ORG
William P. Shulaw Professor of Veterinary Preventive Medicine The Ohio State University
Darrell R. Parnell Ph. D. University Level Science Education Kansas State University
Daniel W. Barnette Ph. D. Aerospace Engineering Stanford University
David William Jensen Professor of Biology Tomball College
Edward M. Bohn Ph. D. Nuclear Engineering University of Illinois
Robert G. Vos Ph.D. Civil/Structural Engineering Rice University
Yvonne Boldt Ph. D. Microbiology University of Minnesota
William B. Collier Ph. D. Physical Chemistry Oklahoma State University
Edward Gade Professor Emeritus of Mathematics University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh
James E. Nymann Emeritus Professor of Mathematics University of Texas at El Paso
Malcolm A. Cutchins Ph. D. Engineering Mechanics Virginia Tech
Lisanne D’Andrea-Winslow Ph. D. Cell Biology & Biochemistry Rutgers University
Holger Daugaard Ph. D. Agronomy Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences (Denmark)
Shieu-Hong Lin Assistant Professor of Computer Science (Ph.D., Brown University) Biola University
W. John Durfee Assistant Professor of Pharmacology Case Western Reserve University
Dominic M. Halsmer Ph. D. Mechanical Engineering UCLA
Charles B. Lowrey Ph.D. Chemistry University of Houston
Jeffrey H. Harwell Ph. D. Chemical Engineering University of Texas, Austin
Frank Cheng Associate Professor of Chemistry University of Idaho
David Heddle Ph. D. Physics Carnegie Mellon University
Yoshiyuki Amemiya Professor of Advanced Materials Science & Applied Physics The University of Tokyo
Barbara S. Helmkamp Ph.D. Theoretical Physics Louisiana State University
David C. Kem Professor of Medicine University of Oklahoma College of Medicine
C. Thomas Luiskutty Ph.D. Physics Univ. of Louisville
Wusi Maki Research Asst. Professor, Dept. of Microbiology, Mol. Biology, & Biochem. University of Idaho
A. Cordell Perkes Ph.D. Science Education Ohio State University
John D. Cook Head of Software Development (Ph.D. Mathematics, U.T. Austin) Department of Biostatistics & Applied Mathematics, U. of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Tony Prato Prof. of Ecological Economics University of Missouri
Charles G. Sanny Prof. of Biochemistry Oklahoma State University Ctr. for Health Sciences
Jairam Vanamala Postdoctoral Research Associate, Faculty of Nutrition Faculty of Nutrition, TAMU, College Station
Gordon L. Wilson Ph.D. Environmental Science and Public Policy George Mason University
Robin D. Zimmer Ph.D. Environmental Sciences Rutgers University
Karl Duff Sc.D. Mechanical Engineering MIT
David Jansson Sc.D. Instrumentation and Automatic Control MIT
C. Steven Murphree Professor of Biology Belmont University
Alfred G. Ratz Ph.D. Engineering Physics University of Toronto (Canada)
Chris Cellucci Associate Professor of Physics Ursinus College
Gary Maki Director, Ctr. for Advanced Microelectronics and Biomolecular Research University of Idaho
Ronald S. Carson Ph.D. Nuclear Engineering University of Washington
Joseph A. Strada Ph.D. Aeronautical Engineering Naval Postgraduate School
Olaf Karthaus Associate Professor, Chemistry Chitose Institute of Science & Technology (Japan)
Arnold Eugene Carden Professor Emeritus of Engineering Science & Mechanics University of Alabama
John B. Marshall Professor of Medicine University of Missouri School of Medicine
Robert B. Sheldon Ph.D. Physics University of Maryland, College Park A SCIENTIFIC DISSENT FROM DARWINISM—14 WWW.DISCOVERY.ORG
B. K. Nelson Research Toxicologist (retired) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Hansik Yoon Ph.D. Fiber Science Seoul National University (South Korea)
David Conover Ph.D. Health Physics Purdue University
Luis Paulo Franco de Barros D.Sc. Mechanical Engineering Pontificia Universidade Católica (Brazil)
Richard W. Pooley Professor of Surgery (retired) New York Medical College
Arthur Chadwick Ph.D. Molecular Biology University of Miami
Lennart Saari Adjunct Professor, Wildlife Biology University of Helsinki (Finland)
Douglas G. Frank Ph.D. Surface Electrochemistry University of Cincinnati
James G. Tarrant Ph.D. Organic Chemistry University of Texas, Austin
N. Ricky Byrn Ph.D. Nuclear Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology
Mark S. Whorton Ph.D. Aerospace Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology
Jeffrey E. Lander Ph.D. Biomechanics University of Oregon
Curtis Hawkins Asst. Clinical Professor of Dermatology Case Western Reserve Univ. School of Medicine
Mary A. Brown DVM (Veterinary Medicine) Ohio State University
Thomas H. Marshall Adjunct Professor, Food Agricultural and Biological Engineering Ohio State University
Charles H. McGowen Assistant Professor of Medicine Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine
Ronald R. Crawford Ed.D. Science Education Ball State University
Matti Junnila DVM, Ph.D. Veterinary Pathology University of Helsinki (Finland)
Dean Svoboda Ph.D. Electrical Engineering The Ohio State University
Ruth C. Miles Professor of Chemistry Malone College
Mark J. Lattery Associate Professor of Physics University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh
William McVaugh Associate Professor of Biology Department of Natural Sciences, Malone College
Jeffrey M. Goff Associate Professor of Chemistry Malone College
Jarrod W. Carter Ph.D. Bioengineering University of Washington
David B. Medved Ph.D. Physics University of Pennsylvania
Theodore W. Geier Ph.D. Forrest Hydrology University of Minnesota
Christian Heiss Post-Doctoral Associate Complex Carbohydrate Res. Ctr., Univ. of Georgia
G. Bradley Schaefer Professor of Pediatrics University of Nebraska Medical Center
Bruce Simat Associate Professor of Biology Northwestern College
Teresa Gonske Assistant Professor of Mathematics Northwestern College
Thomas Mundie Dean of the School of Science & Technology Georgia Gwinnett College
Scott S. Kinnes Professor of Biology Azusa Pacific University
James A. Huggins Chair, Dept. of Biology & Dir., Hammons Center for Scientific Studies Union University
Jonathan A. Zderad Assistant Professor of Mathematics Northwestern College
Michael R. Egnor Professor and Vice-Chairman, Dept. of Neurological Surgery State University of New York at Stony Brook
I. Caroline Crocker Ph.D. Immunopharmacology University of Southampton (UK)
Donald J. Hanrahan Ph.D. Electrical Engineering University of Maryland
Gintautas Jazbutis Ph.D. Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology
Paul S. Darby Ph.D. Organic Chemistry University of Georgia
Changhyuk An Ph.D. Physics University of Tennessee
L. Kirt Martin Professor of Biology Lubbock Christian University
Gerald Schroeder Ph.D. Earth Sciences & Nuclear Physics MIT
Rod Rogers Ph.D. Agronomy/Plant Breeding Iowa State University
David W. Herrin Research Assistant Professor in Mechanical Engineering University of Kentucky
Glen Needham Associate Professor of Entomology The Ohio State University A SCIENTIFIC DISSENT FROM DARWINISM—15 WWW.DISCOVERY.ORG
E. Byron Rogers Professor of Chemistry; Chair, Dept. of Mathematics & Physical Sciences Lubbock Christian University
Vladimir L. Voeikov Vice-Chairman, Chair of Bio-organic Chemistry, Faculty of Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University (Russia)
Ricardo Leon Dean of School of Medicine Autonomous University of Guadalajara (Mexico)
Eugene C. Ashby Regents’ Professor and Distinguished Professor Emeritus Georgia Institute of Technology
JoAnne Larsen Assistant Professor of Industrial Engineering University of South Florida, Lakeland
Douglas Axe Director (Ph.D. Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology) Biologic Institute
Joel Brind Professor of Biology Baruch College, City University of New York
William F. Basener Associate Professor of Mathematics Rochester Institute of Technology
L. Whit Marks Emeritus Professor of Physics University of Central Oklahoma
Perry Mason Professor of Mathematics and Physical Science Lubbock Christian University
Timothy A. Mixon Assistant Professor of Medicine Texas A&M University
Lawrence DeMejo Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering University of Massachusetts at Amherst
Charles Garner Professor of Chemistry Baylor University
Lynne Parker Associate Professor of Computer Science (Ph.D. MIT) Distributed Intelligence Lab, University of Tennessee
Ivan M. Lang Ph.D. Physiology and Biophysics Temple University
David J. Lawrence Ph.D. Physics Washington University, St. Louis
John G. Hoey Ph.D. Molecular and Cellular Biology City University of New York Graduate School
Theodore J. Siek Ph.D. Biochemistry Oregon State University
John P. Rickert Ph.D. Mathematics Vanderbilt University
Christian M. Loch Ph.D. Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of Virginia
David W. Rusch Sr. Research Scientist, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado
Charles A. Signorino Ph.D. Organic Chemistry University of Pennsylvania
Luke Randall Ph.D. Molecular Microbiology University of London (UK)
Jan Frederic Dudt Associate Professor of Biology Grove City College
Glenn A. Marsch Associate Professor of Physics Grove City College
Eduardo Sahagun Professor of Botany Autonomous University of Guadalajara (Mexico)
Mark A. Chambers Ph.D. Virology University of Cambridge (UK)
Daniel Howell Ph.D. Biochemistry Virginia Tech
Joel D. Hubbard Associate Professor, Dept. of Lab. Science and Primary Care Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
C. Roger Longbotham Ph.D. Statistics Florida State University
Hugh L. Henry Lecturer (Ph.D. Physics, University of Virginia) Northern Kentucky University
Jonathan D. Eisenback Professor of Plant Pathology Dept. of Plant Pathology and Weed Science Virginia Tech
Eduardo Arroyo Professor of Forensics (Ph.D. Biology) Complutense University (Spain)
Peter Silley Ph.D. Microbial Biochemistry University of Newcastle upon Tyne
E. Norbert Smith Ph.D. Zoology Texas Tech University
Peter C. Iwen Professor of Pathology and Microbiology University of Nebraska Medical Center
Paul Roschke A.P. and Florence Wiley Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering Texas A&M University
Luman R. Wing Associate Professor of Biology Azusa Pacific University
Edward F. Blick Ph.D. Engineering Science University of Oklahoma
Wesley M. Taylor Former Chairman of the Division of Primate Medicine & Surgery New England Regional Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School
Don England Professor Emeritus of Chemistry Harding University
Wayne Linn Professor Emeritus of Biology Southern Oregon University
James Gundlach Associate Professor of Physics John A. Logan College
Guillermo Gonzalez Associate Professor of Astronomy Iowa State University A SCIENTIFIC DISSENT FROM DARWINISM—16 WWW.DISCOVERY.ORG
Tim Droubay Ph.D. Physics University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
Gregory D. Bossart Director and Head of Pathology Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution
Barry Homer Ph.D. Mathematics Southampton University (UK)
Jiøí Vácha Professor Emeritus of Pathological Physiology Institute of Pathophysiology, Masaryk University (Czech Republic)
Richard J. Neves Professor of Fisheries, Dept. of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences Virginia Tech
David Deming Associate Professor of Geosciences University of Oklahoma
Gregory A. Ator Associate Professor, Department of Otolaryngology University of Kansas Medical Center
Erkki Jokisalo Ph.D. Social Pharmacy University of Kuopio (Finland)
John S. Roden Associate Professor of Biology Southern Oregon University
Donald W. Russell Adjunct Assistant Clinical Professor University of North Carolina School of Medicine
Neil Armitage Associate Professor of Civil Engineering University of Cape Town (South Africa )
Geoff Barnard Senior Research Scientist, Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Cambridge (UK)
Richard Hassing Ph.D. Theoretical Physics Cornell University
Olivia Torres Professor-Researcher (Human Genetics) Autonomous University of Guadalajara (Mexico)
Donald A. Kangas Professor of Biology Truman State University
Alvin Masarira Senior Lecturer for Structural Engineering and Mechanics University of Cape Town (South Africa)
George A. Ekama Professor, Water Quality Engineering, Dept of Civil Engineering University of Cape Town (South Africa)
Alistair Donald Ph.D. Environmental Science/Quaternary or Pleistocene Palynology University of Wales (UK)
Thomas C. Majerus PharmD; FCCP University of Minnesota
Ferenc Farkas Ph.D. Applied Chemical Sciences Technical University of Budapest (Hungary)
Scott A. Chambers Affiliate Professor of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering University of Washington
Cris Eberle Ph.D. Nuclear Engineering Purdue University
Dennis M. Sullivan Professor of Biology and Bioethics Cedarville University
Rodney M. Rutland Department Head & Associate Professor of Kinesiology Anderson University
Alastair M. Noble Ph.D. Chemistry University of Glasgow (Scotland)
Robert D. Orr Professor of Family Medicine University of Vermont College of Medicine
Laverne Miller Clinical Associate Professor of Family Medicine Medical College of Ohio
Laura Burke Former Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering Lehigh University
Terry W. Spencer Former Chair, Department of Geology & Geophysics Texas A&M University
Bert Massie Ph.D. Physics University of California, Los Angeles
Mark C. Porter Ph.D. Chemical Engineering MIT
S. Thomas Abraham Assistant Professor of Pharmacology & Toxicology Campbell University School of Pharmacy
John L. Hoffer Professor of Engineering; Texas A&M University College of Engineering; (also) Professor of Anesthesiology Texas A&M Univ. Syst. Health Science Center
Anita McElroy Ph.D. Biology University of California, San Diego
Herman Branover Professor of Mechanical Engineering Ben-Gurion University (Israel)
Martin Krause Research Scientist (Astronomy) University of Cambridge (UK)
James G. Bentsen Ph.D. Chemistry M.I.T.
Curtis Hrischuk Ph.D. Electrical Engineering Carleton University (Canada)
Guang-Hong Chen Assistant Professor of Medical Physics & Radiology University of Wisconsin-Madison
Doug Hufstedler Ph.D. Animal Nutrition Texas A&M University
Justin Long Ph.D. Chemical Engineering Iowa State University
James E. Rankin Ph.D. General Relativity Yeshiva University (Israel)
Donald F. Smee Research Professor (Microbiology) Utah State University A SCIENTIFIC DISSENT FROM DARWINISM—17 WWW.DISCOVERY.ORG
Colin R. Reeves Professor of Operational Research (Ph.D. Evolutionary Algorithms) Coventry University (UK)
A SCIENTIFIC DISSENT FROM DARWINISM—18 WWW.DISCOVERY.ORG
*= Deceased since signing statement.
Note: Unless updated information has been received, positions listed are those held by signers when they signed the statement.

Home Work Aug. 27-Sept. 2

A. Please Read All 3 Introductions in UTT Textbook, and answer the quizzes (on page 6 of UTT Student Manuel) on separate pieces of paper to be handed in next class.
B. On another piece of paper write down your reaction to our class so far. Do you like it? Is it what you expect? Is it what you want? Also, any suggestions or questions that you would like answered.
C. In getting to know you further, on anoher sheet please write out any areas that you and/or your friends find the most difficult to understand or to live Biblically, or areas of common struggle that I could address in class. No matter what the issue Biblical Worldview is involved and has an answer. All information will be kept strictly confidential and I will only address the matters brought up in a general way having no connection with any individual student or their friends.
D. Please post your responces to my riddles if you care to. The person who answers the most of them correctly each semester will receive a special prize! ;-)
You're a great class, I'm honored to be teaching you! Prof. Clark

American Generosity to the poor

America’s Most Important Export
Don Eberly and Joseph Loconte
The Upside of Globalization
We’ve heard a lot recently about the problem of anti-Americanism. The Pew Research Center produces surveys every year that announce, almost as a mantra, a widespread “disillusionment with American values.” Its latest report, released last month, found more of the same. Majorities surveyed in such countries as Pakistan and Turkey, for example, consider the United States as “more of an enemy” rather than “more of a friend.”
This narrative of global America-loathing, however, is a profoundly misleading story. The fact is that American ideals and institutions are highly popular in many areas around the world, especially in the developing world. A major part of the reason is the advent of globalization—the twenty-first century carrier of America’s democratic vision.
the most constructive aspects of U.S.-led globalization are the features most urgently needed in the developing world: private enterprise, the rule of law, social trust, respect for individual rights, pluralism, and good governance.
There are real downsides to globalization, including the export of trashy popular culture, a disregard for environmental concerns, and a lust for consumption. But the most constructive aspects of U.S.-led globalization are the features most urgently needed in the developing world: private enterprise, the rule of law, social trust, respect for individual rights, pluralism, and good governance. In this sense, the problem for the world’s poor over the past half-century has been too little, not too much, globalization.
These concepts are being embraced in some of the most impoverished and unlikely parts of the world. From Brazil to Rwanda to India to Indonesia, the American model of civil society offers a compelling vision of political and economic empowerment. Indeed, America’s vibrant independent sector—its charities, congregations, advocacy groups, community organizers, and small businesses—is the envy of the world. In short, Tocqueville’s America is going global.
Nevertheless, a rival school of development theory, led by economists such as Jeffrey Sachs, continues to focus mostly on top-down, government-driven “official development assistance.” Measuring America’s compassion in the world exclusively by traditional government aid, this school accuses the United States of being miserly toward the developing world.
Such thinking places too much trust in grandiose government schemes and not enough in the grass-roots, private-sector initiatives that are actually improving the lives of the poor. America’s private sector—both its civic and entrepreneurial power—is increasingly functioning as a “force multiplier” for social and political development. Wherever this sector engages internationally, it bypasses sclerotic hierarchies.
Homegrown entrepreneurs and community leaders are speaking with their own voice—and in a different language than those who presume to speak for them.
Equally remarkable is the dramatic rise worldwide of local civil society. Homegrown entrepreneurs and community leaders are speaking with their own voice—and in a different language than those who presume to speak for them. Despite United Nations proclamations to the contrary, the most important economic and political reformers are not wandering the halls of the International Monetary Fund or the World Bank seeking standing with government-aid agencies. They are laboring at the village level, where they are partnering with American businesses, entrepreneurs, and NGOs of every imaginable kind.
These organizations form the lifeblood of what Anne Applebaum, writing recently in Foreign Policy, described as “aspirational” societies. Inspired by American dynamism, such societies seek economic opportunity, social mobility, and more accountable government. In India, for example, the people most likely to hold favorable views of America are young, relatively wealthy, and better educated. The reason is obvious. A growing number of younger Indians have had the opportunity to work with U.S. companies and investors. “The poor in India are still untouched by globalization,” Applebaum writes. “But the middle and upper-middle classes—those who see for themselves a role in the English speaking, America-dominated international economy—are aspirational, and therefore pro-American.”
A similar process is at work across much of Africa. The Bush administration’s Global AIDS Initiative gets bipartisan praise for its investment in combating the AIDS pandemic, principally in sub-Saharan Africa. Through the Agency for International Development, billions of taxpayer dollars have funded anti-retroviral drugs and the creation of entire health-care systems. Often forgotten, however, is the indispensable role of faith-based and community organizations—congregations, clinics, hospitals, orphanages—in delivering assistance and battling the effects of the pandemic.
Perhaps it comes as no surprise, then, that in nine of the ten African nations recently surveyed by the Pew Research Center, favorable views of the United States were the rule—and strongly so. In countries such as the Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, and Uganda, positive attitudes about America are double those in most European countries—anywhere from 61 percent to a high of 88 percent. All of these countries expressed strong support for “American ideas about democracy.” When African states are asked if they like “American ways of doing business,” roughly three fourths of them say yes.
the great tasks facing Rwandans—peacemaking and ethnic reconciliation—lie largely beyond the capacity of governments to achieve.
In areas torn apart by conflict or natural disasters, the work of community and church-based groups to bring about reconciliation and social stability is crucial. Rwanda, devastated by genocide in 1994, is slowly becoming a nation-building success story. Visionary political leadership is surely part of the reason. Yet the great tasks facing Rwandans—peacemaking and ethnic reconciliation—lie largely beyond the capacity of governments to achieve. They are being performed mostly through the quiet efforts of community and church-based groups indigenous to Rwandan society. Bishop John Rucyahana, for example, whose family suffered unspeakable atrocities during the genocide, is building orphanages and promoting ethnic reconciliation.

Meanwhile, the salient influence of American civil society—particularly its great philanthropic tradition—is visible in the world’s most populous Muslim nation: Indonesia. [For background on this tradition, see the Trinity Forum curriculum Doing Well and Doing Good.] As director of private-sector coordination for tsunami reconstruction at the State Department, Don worked with NGOs, humanitarian workers, and volunteers who arrived by the tens of thousands following the massive earthquake and tsunami that struck Indonesia and other nations in the Indian Ocean on December 26, 2004.
most of the tsunami relief delivered by the United States came from people working through the private sector.
The U.S. government played an important role, yet most of the tsunami relief delivered by the United States came from people working through the private sector. Indeed, the response of ordinary Americans, who mobilized on a truly massive scale, marked a dramatic shift in how emergency relief and international development are being conducted. Teenagers, university students, congregations, relief groups, businesses, web-based companies, celebrities, sports teams—all sponsored fundraising projects or sent volunteers into the region. Private giving hit record levels. About $350 million arrived via Internet donations in the first month following the disaster. Indeed, the private-sector response of $2 billion far exceeded the $657 million in public funds appropriated by Congress.
Such charitable efforts not only rescued thousands of lives, but they also continue to bear fruit in the wider political culture. In Banda, Aceh, Indonesia—one of the most corrupt and conflict-prone regions in Asia—several hundred U.S. and international NGOs are now collaborating with local leaders and organizations to promote political reform, modernization, and conflict resolution.
Despite its philanthropic track record around the world, the United States is criticized by foreign aid advocates for being stingy in its foreign assistance. Their remedy for poverty is the transfer of income to poor nations—no strings attached. Meanwhile, the anti-globalization movement sees only a rapacious America and its multinational corporations scouring the earth for easy profits and displaying little regard for the poor, their cultures, or even the sovereignty of their nations.
The United States, however, has followed a different path in its approach to poverty, relying more on private charity and economic growth than on large amounts of government aid. It is a deeply ingrained American virtue.
Critics of U.S. aid policies tend to ignore the dynamic work of community and faith-based organizations in tackling the problems of drug abuse, crime, and poverty.
Critics of U.S. aid policies tend to ignore the dynamic work of community and faith-based organizations in tackling the problems of drug abuse, crime, and poverty. These neighborhood organizations bring a set of values and human resources typically lacking in government approaches. They are highly motivated, radically entrepreneurial, sacrificial, and mission-driven. A public-school principal, for example, reflecting on the commitment of church-based volunteers to her neediest children, offered this confession: “I’m an old lady and I’ve been in education for thirty years, and I’ve never seen anything like this.” Many U.N. bureaucrats and anti-poverty activists, if they were candid, would say the same.
Too many political leaders and pundits see the world only through the prism of America’s shortcomings. They consider anti-Americanism an incorrigible and permanent condition of the international community, for which the United States alone is responsible. Yet there is another story to tell—the countless ways in which American-style civil society is creating better conditions for the poor and transforming their attitudes about the American ideal.
Don Eberly is a Senior Fellow with the Trinity Forum, a former senior Bush Administration official, and author, most recently, of The Rise of Global Civil Society: Building Communities and Nations from the Bottom Up. Joseph Loconte, a senior fellow at Pepperdine University’s School of Public Policy and a senior fellow at the Trinity Forum, served as an informal advisor to the White House Office of Faith-based and Community Initiatives from 2001–2003.